Iqta system during sultanate period pdf free

Karasimha detects a heavy increase in taxation in the tamil. New musical instruments such as the tabla, sitar and sarangi were developed during the sultanate period. Central administration and iqta system during sultanate period. You have already read about the iqta system in block 5. Of course, the muqtis also had certain obligations to the sultan. But, if i were to narrow it down to the three most important periods, it would be the yayoi period, the heian period, and the edo period. Almost all the wealth and power was concentrated in. Aybaks accidental death during a game of polo in 1210 ended a promising career, but his role as lieutenant during mucizz aldns life, and later as his successor, entitles him to an important place in the formative history of the delhi sultanate. Oct 10, 2015 the iqta system was provided institutional status by iltutmish and later this system became the mainstay of the sultanate administration under slave dynasty. For the purpose of administration and revenue collection, the state was parceled out into tracts called iqtas under iqtadars on muqtis. Now tax farming implies to the responsibility of collecting of taxes by groupsread third parties.

During the ilbari turks iqtas were territorial areas or rights whose revenues were assigned to officials in lieu of salaries. The prominent orientalist claude cahen described the iqta as follows. History notes for iqtadari system of delhi sultanate administration. The delhi sultanate is a period of time that covers five dynasties from 1206 to 1526. Chapter five creation of an administrative structure. The assessment of revenue without the measurement of land could not be just to the peasants. The sultans of delhi ebook editions, general knowledge, pdf. The sultans of delhi sultanate like balban, iltutmish, allauddin khilji etc effectively used the iqtadari system for their centralization of power. India during the sultanate period your article library. Classvii history teachers manual unit iii the delhi sultanate 4 scope this unit would emphasize that history is a critical discipline, a process of enquiry into the past. Since the turks came from central asia, they, in the initial stage, were unaware of the indian political and economic system. The iqatadars became hereditary owners, and abuses crept into the system. Delhi sultanate slave dynasty medieval india history part 1 for ssc, psc,upsc duration. The term used for measurement of land in the sultanate period was masahat.

Administration of india under the delhi sultanate history. The iqtadari system did not confer any ownership in land and it was subject to transfer. In this article on medieval india, we plan to cover the delhi sultanate. The iqta as a form of conditional feudal ownership was known in the sultanate of delhi. In the beginning, the delhi sultanate was divided into units called iqtas. May 11, 2020 the iqta system,revenue and administration the delhi sultanate, history, upsc upsc notes edurev is made by best teachers of upsc. The wide spread landgrant system during the postgupta period had created a separate. To maintain their rule, the turks introduced many administrative practices which, by and large, continued for a long time with some changes. The iqta was a territorial assignment and its holder was designated muqti. Five different dynasties the slave, khalji, tughlaq, sayyids and lodis ruled under the delhi sultanate.

The iqtadari was a unique type of land distribution and administrative system evolved during the sultanate of iltutmish. The history of the delhi sultanate shows that the death of the monarch was usually followed by a period of uncertainty. Take a look at table 1 again and identify the five dynasties that together made the delhi sultanate. Iqtadari system did not confer any ownership in land and it was subject to transfer.

In egypt, the iqta received its greatest development under the ayyubids 12th and th centuries and the mamluks th to 16th century and was retained until the early 19th century. In fact the enormous wealth tempted mahmud of ghazni to invade india several times and each time he got immense treasure from here. Slave dynasty or mamluk dynasty the slave dynasty was also called mamluk dynasty. During the abbasid period an elaborate administrative system was established which. The taxes are ushr, kharaj, khams, jizya and zakat. Under the sultanate period no other religion except islam was recognized by the state. But in the late medieval period, especially in the sultanate and. However, during firuz shah tughlaqs reign, in the year 51 a.

Iqta a term designating a conditional grant of an allotment of land a type of benefice to feudal lords in the countries of the middle east in the middle ages. History part 19 19 the sultanate period the sultanate period. Economic condition of india was affluent under the reign of the delhi sultanate. Inevitably, the iqtaholders tried to conceal the real income from the iqtas. The delhi sultanate society was broadly divided into four major groups viz. The iqtadari was a unique type of land distribution and administrative system evolved during the sultanate perod. Jul 10, 2016 iqta was an islamic practice of tax farming. Sep 25, 2019 the iqtadari system witnessed numerous changes during the sultanate period. Administration of the delhi sultanate iqta system under delhi sultanate the society was divided into four chief groups namely aristocrats,priests,town dwellers and the peasants. Only main points from the chapters are compiled below. Dec 05, 2019 society during the sultanate period was divided into four major groups. In my opinion yayoi the yayoi period lasted from about 400 or 300 bc until 250 ad. This article gives you information on the land revenue system of sultanate period, india.

Pdf on jan 1, 2011, adibah sulaiman and others published some notes on the iqta system in mamluk period find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. The land was normally given to contractors to collect the revenue. This document is highly rated by upsc students and has been viewed 5744 times. Sep 30, 2016 iqta system and mukti the ghurid conquest of north india heralding the establishment of the delhi sultanate also marked a new process of centralization. The nobles normally occupied the place next to the sultan and played a key role in the administration of the state. In 98 timur, he captured delhi and caused annihilation by pillaging and slaughtering people. Iqtadari system, iqta system, iqta system during sultanate.

Sayyid dynasty 14141451 khizr khan 141421 khizr khan was the founder of sayyid dynasty. The turks introduced arabic and persian architectural styles. Though most of the people professed the hindu faith yet the state patronage was accorded only to islam. The revenue system of the sulthanate iqta system, was introduced by ilthumish. Nobles comprised the ruling class and belonged to different tribes and nationalities like the turkish, persian, arabic, egyptian and indian muslims. The purpose of the paper is to assess the impact of opec and us crude oil production adjustments on global crude oil price changes. It was very close to the original form of iqta as its main function was only to collect taxes by muqtisiqtedars in india. The iqta system provided an agrarian system to the country while the members of the ruling class attained income without any permanent attachment to any territory. Their nayankara system was much close to the iqta system which assured regular and large amount of income for the empire. The establishment of delhi sultanate marks an important. In fact, three dynasties were established during this period. Iqta in this period stood for not only revenue unit but also administrative unit. The revenuesystem during the period of the delhi sultanate suffered from certain defects.

During iltutmishs reign, the city of delhi emerged as. This period is named after yayoi town, the subsection of bunkyo, tokyo. Shamsa uddin iltutmish established the iqta system based on mohammad goris ideas. Evolution of the administrative apparatus of the delhi sultanate. Iqta system under iqta system, the land of the empire was divided into several large and small tracts called iqta and assigned these iqtas to his soldiers, officers and nobles. This period witnessed many dynasties and various rulers. Malik kafur, during the reign of ala ud din khilji, brought so much wealth in plunder from south india that the value of currency fell down in the north. Nobles included sultan and his relatives, courtiers and holders of iqta, hindu and muslim chieftains, merchants, bankers etc. Icse solutions for class 7 history and civics government.

He introduced the silver tanka and the copper jital the two basic coins of the sultanate period, with a standard weight of 175 grains. The new system served as the basis for coinage for much of the sultanate period and even beyond, though periodic shortages of silver caused further debasement. This system gave the officials opportunities to make arbitrary decisions. It is generally accepted that the iqta system was established at the end of the abbasid. Out of the taxes collected,the surplus after meeting the expenses of the army authority was only for collecting taxes. These questions are the part of previous year paper. Iqta is an arabic word denoting a sort of administrative regional unit. The role of nobility in the politics of delhi sultanate. A study of state during the sultanate period will reveal certain specific features which are described below. He saved delhi sultanate from the attack of chengiz khan, the mongol leader, by refusing shelter to khwarizm shah, whom chengiz was chasing. Sultans of delhi sultanate like balban,iltutmish,allauddin khilji etc effectively used the iqtadari system for their centralization of power.

History part 19 19 the sultanate period the sultanate. The ramayan and the mahabharata, though written earlier were rewritten during the gupta times. Look at map 1 and locate dehlii kuhna, siri and jahanpanah. By the end of the th century there was no smaller administrative unit than iqta. The delhi sultans built many cities in the area that we now know as delhi. Northwest frontier problem mongol invasions and its impact. The ramayan and the mahabharata, though written earlier were re. During the saljuq period, the iqta system was carefully regularized. Iqta system coins currency free 30day trial scribd. An iqta holder was expected to collect the revenue and deduct from in the amount granted to him, the balance was to be remitted to the central government.

During these years, hindistani music and carnatic music, both subgenres of indian classical music, were. They had no other right to the subjects apart from the taxes as long as taxes were paid. Much later during the gupta period, when the worship of lord vishnu developed, many holy books including the ramayan and the mahabharata were composed depicting the love and mystical union of the individual with god. Socio economic setup during the delhi sultanate, the society was in transition phase. Initially the delhi sultans had divided their empire into several iqtas or provinces or spheres of influence and put them under the charge of officers called iqtadars governors. Initially, iqta was a revenueyielding piece of land, which was assigned in lieu of salary. Brief notes on the land revenue system of sultanate period. The term iqtadari system was coined by nizamul mulk to maintain smooth administration of the abbassid empire. There were 3 main purposes of the iqtadari system and 4 main types. Iqta system during delhi sultanate iqtadars iltutmish.

Economic and social conditions under the delhi sultanate and the. It would help the students to analyze the evolution and establishment of the sultanate in delhi. Tax system the sultan of the delhi sultanate collected five categories of taxes which fall under the economic system of the empire. Provincial kingdoms vigayanagar, bahamani and jaunpur. But he was later executed and razia became the sulthan daughter of ilthumish sulthana raziya, the only women ruler of, the sultanate came to power in 1236 and reigned till 1240. Later, a different administrative setup came into being, with the. In the seljuk empire, the move toward the iqta system was facilitated by the persian. There are many important periods in japanese history.

After that iqtas were divided into smaller units called shiqqs, which were put under shiqqdars. Iqta as a mechanism was innovative in central asia to appropriate the peasants surplus through taxation and its distribution without endangering the unity of the political structure but later it was implemented in india by the delhi sultanate. He organized the iqta system and introduced reforms in civil administration and army, which was now centrally paid and recruited. Class 11 th history government of the delhi sultanate. Qazis administered justice according to the islamic law, in cases that involved muslims amir khusrau was a famous perisan poet who invented the indian sitar qawwali is the persian style of chorus singing which was popularized by sufi saints kathak is a dance form which originated during the sultanate period. These kind of questions would be helpful in preparing for exams like ias, pcs, upsc, nda, cds ssc, rrb, psc, ibps. He introduced the silver coin tanka and the copper coin jital. Iqta system the iqtadari was a unique type of land distribution and administrative system evolved during the sultanate of iltutmish. Later, a different administrative setup came into being, with the sultan at its leader. Results in the paper indicate there is a common long term trend. Sultanate period questions and answers exams contains the questions from various competitive exams. Ilthumish was succeeded by his son ruknuddin firoz shah.

The iqta system was a practice of tax farming that was introduced by iltutmish in delhi sultanate. Based on the religion, people were broadly categorised into hindus and muslims. It involved varying kinds of control in terms of territories. The lord who had the responsibility of the iqtas was known as the muqti or wali. If realization from an iqta fell short of the amount granted the deficit from the central government, according to law.

It was a period which saw the systematization of agrarian exploitation and concentration of resources. The revenue system during the period of the delhi sultanate suffered from certain defects. The muqti had the right to collect and appropriate taxes especially land. The landlords were free to evict the peasants at the will of the farmers. What was the iqta system social science the delhi sultans. The owner iqatadar of each iqta collected revenue and supplied army contingents to the sultan. Sultanate in the beginning of the thirteenth century. In the absence of a law of succession, intrigues, civil war and violence. The iqta system was provided institutional status by iltutmish and later this system became the mainstay of the sultanate administration under slave dynasty. The iqtadari system witnessed numerous changes during the sultanate period. The iqta system,revenue and administration the delhi.

These points might come quite handy during preparation of prelims and mains, to get a quick grasp of the subject. During the sultanate period,the land was distributed to the lords as iqtas with the authority to collect taxes. They rendered manual services to earn their livelihood. The reference material for this post is ncert history text for class 7 our past 1. See more ideas about delhi sultanate, harappan and mughal empire. The iqta is first mentioned in arab sources in the late seventh century but became widespread during the eighth through the tenth centuries under the abbasids. Under this system, the entire empire was very evenly. The heavy land tax was also another similarity with the sultanate. Financial system of delhi sultanate the financial system was an important part of the administration of the delhi sultanate. Hp lecturer syllabus 2020 download pdf hppsc lecturer. He built the hauzishamsi reservoir in mehrauli in 1230. Brahmins were tax free, the loss of revenue from these lands had. Hindu rajahs, who wanted to throw off the muslim yoke. During iltutmishs reign, the city of delhi emerged as the centre of islamic power and culture in india.